― ―

Molecular hydrogen: phase III and long-term clinical evidence

Evidence audit dated September 19, 2026. Scope: molecular hydrogen (H₂), including hydrogen-rich water, hydrogen-generating tablets, inhaled gas, hydrogen-containing intravenous solutions, dialysate, and organ-preservation solutions.

Evidence overview

Phase III-labelled hydrogen studies exist, but the label should not be mistaken for confirmatory evidence. The identified ClinicalTrials.gov records include four phase III studies and two combined phase II/III studies; their actual or intended enrollment ranges from 2 to 60 participants, and one is an uncontrolled pilot. A seventh study, Hydro-COVID, is called phase III in its peer-reviewed publication although its registry phase field is “Not applicable.” (Obesity registry, elderly cognition registry, Parkinson’s registry, stroke registry, rectal-cancer registry, transplantation registry, Hydro-COVID publication, Hydro-COVID registry.)

Molecular hydrogen: phase III and long-term clinical evidence (PDF 736KB)